I know this topic is from last year but I have a solution and what causes desync of symbols for me.
First, what most commonly causes desync of symbols for me is when I change the DPI of the file and resize it. Specifically this usually causes any line settings such as thickness, style, or otherwise to lose sync.
What I've found that fixes this for me is I make the changes I'd like to propagate across the symbols to the element that's not syncing then I duplicate that element and delete the original. The duplicate gets propagated across all the symbols and includes your changes and will continue to sync from that point forward. So any changes you make it to the object will now sync across all the symbols.
I thought I'd post a reply in case it could help someone. I know I've spent hours trying to figure out a fix.