Hi I don't know if this helps anyone but I am having exactly the same issue under Sonoma. Publisher asked me to reauthorise iCloud which I did. Tried to open up documents I had created using the previous OS and it just hangs. Force quit required. All documents. The only one it wants to open is freshly created stuff. I have tried documents from iCloud, locally stored, iCloud downloaded documents. Luckily documents do open on my old iPad but if I save a document created in iPad using AP 2.2 it won't open on my Mac like the others.
I have seen a solution that involves reinstalling publisher and loading all documents from external. I don't really have anything external to do this with and the instructions aren't too clear.
I don't wish to bunnyhop on to someone else's issue but I thought this was better than a new thread.. Attached one of the documents I am trying to open in case it's useful. Cheers
Mac mini 2023 M2 24GB RAM Sonoma
Picture Round Flower Power.afpub