Yep, that was it. I have to admit though I don't really understand why the background is subject to special treatment like so.
This is good to know!
I'm not really sure what are some use cases to want to blend in sRGB specifically. I imagine an overwhelming amount of hobbyists, and even some professionals, aren't even aware that getting this wrong can negatively affect their results. Even if they notice pixelated lines or such, they might just shrug it off as consequence of too low DPI, not knowing that something can be done about it. As a hobbyist, I can only attest to having learned about it by chance, and that thus I strongly feel that defaulting to anything other than blending in linear RGB is undesirable.
Anyways, I got everything indistinguishably close to what Photoshop produces (the exact values are off by up to 2 in the 8 bit export, but that doesn't matter) and it's looking good, so I call this a closed case. Thanks, all!