Hi Lintelfilm,
Welcome to Affinity Forums :)
I've removed the extra (superfluous) layers and vector masks, and changed the two pixel layers (with a white background) blend mode from normal to darken. It now exports correctly as vectors except the pixel layers obviously (file attached). There's however a few issues i would like to check with the devs regarding the original structure you have created which should have worked correctly (still looking into this).
LF-Business-Card-BACK (MED EDITED).afdesign