Yes, that's the button we are referring to. When you click those buttons currently, they apply a destructive edit directly to the currently active layer. It would be perfect if they instead created a new Levels Adjustment layer with the changes. This would be non-destructive, and a good starting point for further manual adjustments, as OP suggested.
OP's suggestion of adding an Auto button to Affinity's current Levels Adjustment Layer, would also be really nice. Photoshop Elements 14 had this, and it was amazing for a good starting point to work with. Here's what it looks like in Elements 14 for reference: