petepompei

Thank you all for your answers and help. 👊

Thank you all for your answers and help. 👊

Another way to proceed: use the "Polygon Tool", draw a polygon with as many vertices as you want segments. Transform it into a circle with the red point of the "Polygon Tool" and convert it into a curve.
With the "Node Tool", select the whole and click "Break Curve". Select each segment and set it to the desired color. You can set the thickness of the line for all the segments or for each segment individually.

Other workflows, depending on what you need.
Multi-stroke ellipse – a bit tricky to set up the dash stroke segments symmetrically, but it's possible by trial & error (and possibly by some math, but I don't know which one, haha):

 
Cog clipped by donut, 100% interactive; definitely my favorite:

ade_cog_segments_2color_donut.mp4  

You can use the Cog tool to do this. Make one consisting of 6 segments with the following settings (as depicted):

Then Duplicate this one, make it black and rotate 30 degrees.
Result will be like this.

You can play with the Inner Radius and Hole Radius to make it look more like your example.