There is a localization for the Latin language, not the Latin script, the actual old Latin language.
And those alternates just happened to end up as the alternates you saw.
Normally these would be used when the user selects Latin as the language in their editor.
No, Google Fonts just fixed the names inside the fonts.
In an older version the fonts were in four separate Typographic Families (probably the fonts you had, which is why I wanted to see the actual fonts).
So in APub you would see these as separate fonts, not as one family with separate Typographic Font Styles.
And why you could not select ExtraBold when EB Garamond was the family selected (it only had R, I, B, BI).
Now, in the newer version, all the Font Styles show-up in the single EB Garamond Typographic Family.
Google Fonts updates (fixes) fonts all the time with no notice or any change in the version number.
Whenever I download fonts from Google Fonts, I add the date to the zip file name.
Only way to know which "version" you have.
Well actually, the modification date is usually different inside the font files
Not sure what you mean with folders here (groups?) ...
... since that would depend on your slice selection and export persona. - If you want to export let's say all layers into a SVG file without any groups/montage structuring inside, then don't use any layer groups (ungroup all) and export the whole doc via the common export panel as SVG, aka without using the export persona and slices.
