Okay so looks like if I go to Layer > Expand Stroke, then select both of the two curves that are now created from the two strokes, and use the Subtract button, I get the result I want. Which... is basically exactly what the video was about in the first post of the thread. So... still not what I'm looking for.
I guess I could always fake it by just doing a 10pt white stroke on top of a 13pt black stroke, but that still means it's missing the functionality I'm actually looking for. I'm on my last day of my Affinity Designer trial, so I guess until that functionality is introduced without having to do these workarounds I'll be sticking with AI.