Thank you very much for the swift reply and the warm welcome to the forum 🙂 I will post this image at 100 percent as soon I am back at my PC.
So here is what I tried today: I wanted to get a feeling of the characteristics of various lenses of mine. So i just grabbed the LEGO from my nephew and made images at various apertures - 80 images for each aperture and with the Focus-Bracketing function of my FUJI camera. I then tried the Focus Merging function with Affinity and came up with this result above. I tried this function both with the *.raf files and *.tif files (exported from Capture One, with and without lens corrections). To sum this up, since the single images are sharp around the respective edges, I do not think, that the lenses, the recording settings or these initial steps led to this 'halo' effect.
I also took a look at the tutorial where a related effect is described. I may give the Clone Brush Tool a try - but to be honest, the effort to correct this effect along these edges is just too high for me. The most important thing for me right now is to understand, under which circumstances this 'halo' effect occurs in order to avoid these. I have not figured this out yet. I am also not quite sure, if I am observing the same effect as in the tutorial. 'My' blurring seems to be very homogeneous along all edges (white and red) and for all directions. All other edges within the original image are perfectly sharp.